非开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)术是才开(kai)始(shi)(shi)频繁使用的(de)(de)一个(ge)术语，它涉(she)及的(de)(de)是利用少开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)，即工作(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)与(yu)接收井(jing)要开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)，以及不(bu)(bu)开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)，即管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)术来进行地下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)线(xian)的(de)(de)铺设或(huo)更换(huan)，顶管(guan)(guan)(guan)直径(jing)DN800—4500。通(tong)过工作(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)把要顶进的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)顶入接收井(jing)内，一个(ge)工作(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)内的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)可在地下(xia)穿行1500米以上(shang)，并且(qie)还能曲线(xian)穿行，以绕开(kai)一些地下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)线(xian)或(huo)障碍物(wu)。它的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)术要点在于纠正管(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)在地下(xia)延伸的(de)(de)偏(pian)差(cha)。特(te)别适用于大(da)中型管(guan)(guan)(guan)径(jing)的(de)(de)非开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)铺设。具有经济(ji)、高效，保护环境(jing)的(de)(de)综合(he)功能。这种技(ji)(ji)术的(de)(de)优点是：不(bu)(bu)开(kai)挖(wa)(wa)地面；不(bu)(bu)拆迁，不(bu)(bu)破(po)坏地面建(jian)筑物(wu)；不(bu)(bu)破(po)坏环境(jing)；不(bu)(bu)影响管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)段(duan)差(cha)变(bian)形(xing)；省时、高效、安全，综合(he)造价(jia)低。测量时，应(ying)对(dui)仪(yi)器(qi)进行检查调整，对(dui)原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)记录作(zuo)(zuo)详细校对(dui)。三(san)明(ming)DN2200钢管(guan)(guan)(guan)顶管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工公(gong)司

泥(ni)水(shui)推进(jin)工(gong)(gong)法有(you)如(ru)下(xia)特点：⑴通过刀(dao)盘(pan)以及顶(ding)速(su)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)正面(mian)土压(ya)力(li)，调节循环水(shui)压(ya)力(li)用(yong)以平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)压(ya)力(li)；⑵采(cai)(cai)用(yong)流体(ti)输送(song)切(qie)削(xue)入泥(ni)仓的土体(ti)，顶(ding)进(jin)过程中(zhong)不间(jian)断，施工(gong)(gong)速(su)度快(kuai)；⑶无需地(di)基(ji)改良或降水(shui)处理，施工(gong)(gong)后地(di)表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)降小(xiao)。泥(ni)水(shui)式推进(jin)工(gong)(gong)法所采(cai)(cai)用(yong)的掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)机常用(yong)的有(you)刀(dao)盘(pan)可伸(shen)缩式泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)机和偏心破碎泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)机。刀(dao)盘(pan)可伸(shen)缩式泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)机如(ru)需穿(chuan)越建(jian)筑物、构造(zao)物、埋设物等对(dui)地(di)面(mian)沉(chen)(chen)降要求很小(xiao)的情况下(xia)，可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)刀(dao)盘(pan)可伸(shen)缩式泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)机，此种机头的刀(dao)盘(pan)是一个直径比掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)机前壳体(ti)略小(xiao)的具有(you)一定刚度的圆(yuan)盘(pan)。圆(yuan)盘(pan)中(zhong)还(hai)嵌有(you)切(qie)削(xue)刀(dao)和刀(dao)架。刀(dao)盘(pan)和切(qie)削(xue)刀(dao)架之间(jian)可以同步伸(shen)缩，也可以单独伸(shen)缩。思明区DN1400钢管(guan)顶(ding)管(guan)施工(gong)(gong)费用(yong)场施工(gong)(gong)人员必须戴安(an)(an)全帽，并系好额(e)带(dai)，上下(xia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)坑应走(zou)安(an)(an)全扶(fu)梯(ti)。

回(hui)(hui)拉(la)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)(kong)钻头(tou)(tou)(tou)到(dao)达(da)出口工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)，钻进工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)完(wan)成，但是孔(kong)(kong)径还没(mei)有达(da)到(dao)铺(pu)设要(yao)求(qiu)。本工(gong)程(cheng)拟多次(ci)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)径，前一次(ci)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)(kong)为(wei)200mm，第二次(ci)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)(kong)为(wei)400mm，如(ru)此(ci)类推，扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)(kong)到(dao)1000mm。具(ju)体操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)：卸(xie)下(xia)钻头(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)钻杆尾(wei)(wei)端连接(jie)孔(kong)(kong)径200mm的(de)回(hui)(hui)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)头(tou)(tou)(tou)，回(hui)(hui)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)头(tou)(tou)(tou)后面再(zai)连接(jie)钻杆，开动钻机旋转、回(hui)(hui)拉(la)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)头(tou)(tou)(tou)进行扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)径。回(hui)(hui)拉(la)过程(cheng)中(zhong)必(bi)须不(bu)断(duan)加(jia)接(jie)钻杆，始(shi)终保(bao)持(chi)钻杆不(bu)能没(mei)入孔(kong)(kong)洞(dong)。扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)头(tou)(tou)(tou)回(hui)(hui)拉(la)到(dao)达(da)接(jie)驳坑(keng)，在(zai)接(jie)驳坑(keng)卸(xie)下(xia)200mm的(de)回(hui)(hui)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)头(tou)(tou)(tou)，再(zai)在(zai)出口工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)的(de)钻杆尾(wei)(wei)端接(jie)上400mm的(de)回(hui)(hui)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)头(tou)(tou)(tou)，如(ru)此(ci)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)(kong)到(dao)1000mm。

模(mo)拟(ni)过程（1）边(bian)(bian)界(jie)条件(jian)和(he)(he)初(chu)始(shi)条件(jian)：三(san)维数(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)型的(de)前(qian)后(hou)左右以及底(di)部边(bian)(bian)界(jie)为法(fa)向约束(shu)限制(zhi)位(wei)移，地表(biao)为自(zi)由(you)面。施(shi)工(gong)计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)前(qian)，土(tu)(tu)体在(zai)自(zi)重(zhong)应力(li)的(de)作用下，达到初(chu)始(shi)应力(li)平衡(heng)状态。因为在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)前(qian)，土(tu)(tu)体经过长(zhang)时间(jian)的(de)作用已经处(chu)于稳定状态，不经过施(shi)工(gong)扰动不会发生地表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)。如图3所示，在(zai)自(zi)重(zhong)应力(li)作用下土(tu)(tu)体沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量自(zi)上而下逐渐增大，地表(biao)的(de)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量比(bi)(bi)较(jiao)大可达到72mm，在(zai)模(mo)量顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)前(qian)要将所有(you)(you)的(de)位(wei)移沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)清(qing)零。开挖(wa)(wa)：在(zai)模(mo)拟(ni)中，管(guan)道沿着X轴方向推进(jin)，模(mo)拟(ni)完全按照(zhao)(zhao)管(guan)长(zhang)4m的(de)步(bu)长(zhang)进(jin)行。每步(bu)开挖(wa)(wa)后(hou)，管(guan)道和(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)体之(zhi)间(jian)都(dou)留有(you)(you)间(jian)隙(xi)，间(jian)隙(xi)按照(zhao)(zhao)有(you)(you)注浆(jiang)进(jin)行数(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)拟(ni)，分析其(qi)(qi)地表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量。在(zai)有(you)(you)注浆(jiang)时，由(you)于边(bian)(bian)顶进(jin)边(bian)(bian)注浆(jiang)，因此(ci)开挖(wa)(wa)后(hou)应将开挖(wa)(wa)间(jian)隙(xi)立刻按照(zhao)(zhao)触(chu)变泥浆(jiang)的(de)力(li)学(xue)(xue)参数(shu)回(hui)填，待全部管(guan)道顶进(jin)完毕后(hou)，再将触(chu)变泥浆(jiang)的(de)力(li)学(xue)(xue)参数(shu)换(huan)成凝固体力(li)学(xue)(xue)参数(shu)进(jin)行计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)，比(bi)(bi)较(jiao)终使其(qi)(qi)达到平衡(heng)状态；在(zai)无注浆(jiang)数(shu)值(zhi)模(mo)拟(ni)计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)时，管(guan)道和(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)体之(zhi)间(jian)的(de)间(jian)隙(xi)按空(kong)模(mo)型计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)，直至达到平衡(heng)状态。做(zuo)好(hao)顶管(guan)工(gong)作坑周边(bian)(bian)的(de)环境保护工(gong)作，搞(gao)好(hao)文明施(shi)工(gong)。

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)测量注意事项(xiang)（5）在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程衔接处(chu)，所设(she)置的临(lin)时水准点应相互测校调(diao)整，以防止差错。（6）适当位置设(she)置施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控制(zhi)桩，控制(zhi)桩应妥善保护。（7）测量时，应对仪器(qi)进行(xing)检查(cha)调(diao)整，对原(yuan)始记录作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)详(xiang)细校对。四(si)(si)、顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)案(an)1、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)顺序顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前对顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)沿线进行(xing)调(diao)查(cha)，确定(ding)土压平衡顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺→顶(ding)(ding)力计(ji)(ji)算及(ji)后(hou)背(bei)墙设(she)计(ji)(ji)→工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)坑、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)及(ji)接收(shou)井(jing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→施(shi)(shi)做基础架设(she)导轨/安装后(hou)背(bei)墙→管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)顶(ding)(ding)进施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)、接收(shou)井(jing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、平面布置、井(jing)内布置及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)内布置方(fang)(fang)案(an)首先进行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)与(yu)接收(shou)井(jing)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)与(yu)接受井(jing)上层采用(yong)开挖法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，下层在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)和接受井(jing)四(si)(si)周打设(she)钢板(ban)桩后(hou)，周围采用(yong)深(shen)井(jing)井(jing)点降水施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，根据实际(ji)情况(kuang)每(mei)个(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)周围需打四(si)(si)眼(yan)大口(kou)深(shen)井(jing)。大口(kou)深(shen)井(jing)井(jing)壁(bi)(bi)采用(yong)直径400mm的无沙砼管(guan)(guan)(guan)护壁(bi)(bi)，井(jing)深(shen)25m,每(mei)个(ge)井(jing)中安装一台(tai)2寸深(shen)井(jing)潜水泵抽水，保证把水降至工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)面以下500mm.组织工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人学习(xi)公(gong)司(si)的各(ge)项(xiang)规章制(zhi)度(du)、质(zhi)量安全管(guan)(guan)(guan)理条例。泉州(zhou)DN3200球墨管(guan)(guan)(guan)顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)报价

厦(sha)门常(chang)达管业设置(zhi)的临时水准点(dian)应与沿线设置(zhi)的水准点(dian)相校核至符合(he)要求。三明DN2200钢管顶管施工公司

它(ta)几乎是全断面全土质的掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)(jin)机。它(ta)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)N值从0-15的粘土，N值1-50的砂(sha)土以(yi)及N值10-50的卵砾石层(ceng)等地层(ceng)中使用，而且推进(jin)(jin)速度不会有(you)太大(da)的变(bian)化；⑵破(po)碎粒(li)径(jing)大(da)，其破(po)碎粒(li)径(jing)可达掘(jue)(jue)进(jin)(jin)机直径(jing)的40-45%之(zhi)间；⑶施工(gong)精度高，施工(gong)后的偏差极小；⑷由于(yu)具有(you)偏心运动，进(jin)(jin)土的间隙(xi)又(you)比(bi)较小，即使用清水(shui)作(zuo)为进(jin)(jin)水(shui)，也能保(bao)(bao)持挖掘(jue)(jue)面的稳(wen)定；⑸可以(yi)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)长距离顶(ding)进(jin)(jin)，也可用于(yu)曲率(lv)半径(jing)比(bi)较小的曲线顶(ding)进(jin)(jin)；⑹施工(gong)速度快，每分钟可进(jin)(jin)尺(chi)100-180mm之(zhi)间；⑺机具结构紧(jin)凑、维修(xiu)保(bao)(bao)养简(jian)单、操作(zuo)方便(bian)。无论在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)坑中安装还是在(zai)(zai)接(jie)收井中拆(chai)除都很方便(bian)；泥水(shui)式推进(jin)(jin)工(gong)法适于(yu)顶(ding)进(jin)(jin)管径(jing)规格为Φ600~3000mm。三明DN2200钢管顶(ding)管施工(gong)公司

厦(sha)门常(chang)达(da)管业(ye)(ye)有(you)限公司坚持“以人为本”的(de)企业(ye)(ye)理念，拥有(you)一支专业(ye)(ye)的(de)员工(gong)队伍(wu)，力(li)求(qiu)提供更好的(de)产品(pin)和服(fu)务回(hui)馈社(she)会，并欢迎广大新老(lao)客户光临惠顾，真诚合作、共创美(mei)好未来。常(chang)达(da)管业(ye)(ye)——您可(ke)信赖的(de)朋友，公司地址：厦(sha)门市(shi)集(ji)美(mei)区宁(ning)海二里。

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